¿Qué debemos revisar de nuestro coche antes de salir de vacaciones?

El verano es el momento en que muchas personas empiezan sus vacaciones y se disponen a viajar con su coche por los sitios más especiales y fabulosos de nuestra geografía. Es justo en ese instante cuando aparece la eterna pregunta ¿Tengo el coche a punto para el viaje?

En este artículo queremos ayudar dándote a conocer qué puntos son los que tienes que revisar si o si antes de salir de viaje. Toma nota:

1. Líquido refrigerante: El líquido refrigerante es fundamental para el funcionamiento del motor ya que, no solo se encarga de la refrigeración, sino que cuando las temperaturas bajan, también ejerce una acción anticongelante. Además, previene las formaciones calcáreas y protege al motor de la corrosión. Normalmente el circuito del líquido refrigerante es hermético, por lo que es poco común que se produzcan pérdidas, pero si su nivel baja demasiado, el motor pagará caro las consecuencias. ¿Cómo se mide? Deberás sustituirlo cada dos años aproximadamente, ya que si el líquido pierde sus propiedades o no hay cantidad suficiente, esto podría suponer una avería en el motor. Para evitar esto, antes de emprender tu viaje, revisa que el nivel de este líquido se encuentra entre la marca del mínimo y la del máximo.

2. Líquido de frenos: El líquido de frenos es un líquido hidráulico que hace posible la transmisión de la fuerza ejercida sobre el pedal de freno a los cilindros de freno en las ruedas de automóviles, motocicletas, camionetas y algunas bicicletas avanzadas. El líquido de frenos, por tanto, es el encargado de que los frenos de tu coche funcionen correctamente, por lo que, si la cantidad de líquido es insuficiente o está en mal estado, esto podría tener consecuencias fatales. Por eso, te recomendamos que antes de irte de vacaciones compruebes que el nivel de líquido de frenos es el correcto, lo que también te ayudará a saber si las pastillas de freno tienen desgaste, si hay alguna pérdida…

Pasos para revisar el líquido de frenos:

      • Abre el capó del coche con el motor apagado y en frío.
      • Localiza el depósito de líquido de frenos, suele encontrarse en el lado del conductor.
      • Asegúrate que el coche está en una superficie horizontal.
      • En los coches modernos, el propio depósito de líquido de frenos permite ver a trasluz la cantidad de fluido que contiene, por lo que solo deberemos asegurarnos de que el nivel se encuentra entre los indicadores de mínimo y máximo. Si no es así, retiraremos el tapón e introduciremos una varilla para comprobar el nivel.

3. Aceite: Se llama aceite de motor al aceite que se utiliza para lubricar los motores de combustión interna que utilizan los coches. El propósito principal del aceite es lubricar las partes móviles para reducir la fricción. Por lo tanto, el aceite se encarga de que todas las piezas del motor estén lubricadas para que así este pueda funcionar correctamente. En el caso de que el nivel de aceite sea insuficiente, podría provocar una avería grave y costosa en el motor.
¿Cómo medir el aceite de coche?

      • Abre el capó del coche con el motor apagado y en frío.
      • Asegúrate que el coche está en una superficie horizontal.
      • Localiza el depósito del aceite.
      • Para comprobarlo, basta con levantar el capó y colocar la varilla del aceite. La marca debe estar entre el mínimo y el máximo. En el caso de que el nivel de aceite sea bajo, deberás rellenarlo hasta el nivel óptimo.

4. Batería: si no quieres que el coche te deje tirado en mitad de tus vacaciones, también deberás revisar el voltaje de la batería, que deberá estar entre 12,5 y 12,9 voltios. Si es menor, carga la batería o cámbiala si han pasado aproximadamente cuatro años desde la última vez que lo hiciste.

¿Cómo medir el nivel de batería?

      • Conduce con el coche durante 40 o 50 minutos y déjalo reposar el mismo tiempo.
      • Quita la llave del motor.
      • Conecta un polímetro en corriente continua a los bornes de la batería. El valor que debes obtener estará por debajo de 12,2v o 0,2A.
      • Enciende el coche y déjalo en punto muerto. Ahora vuelve a conectar el polímetro en corriente continua para medir la batería con el coche al ralentí. El valor que debes obtener debe ser mayo de 14,7v o 0,25A.
      • Prueba la batería con corriente alterna. Cambia la tensión del polímetro a corriente alterna. El valor que debes obtener debe ser mayor de 0,2v o 0,04A.

5. Neumáticos: Las variables que debes comprobar en los neumáticos son 2, profundidad del dibujo y inflado o presión de las ruedas. Llevar una presión correcta en las ruedas de tu coche no solo mejorará tu seguridad, sino que también te permitirá ahorrar combustible. Además, comprueba su desgaste, ya que el límite legal de desgaste es de 1,6 mm y si es inferior podrías llevarte una buena multa.

¿Cómo medir el estado de la profundidad de los neumáticos? Con este truco te será más fácil:

  • Coge una moneda de 1 euro.
  • Insértala en los dibujos de los neumáticos.
  • Si el borde dorado está tapado, el neumático es todavía apto.

¿Cómo medir la presión de los neumáticos?

      • Dirígete a una gasolinera
      • Localiza la máquina de agua y presión, normalmente hay en todas las gasolineras.
      • Mide el nivel de presión.
      • Compáralo con el nivel aconsejado por cada fabricante.

6. Filtro de aire: el filtro de aire es muy importante puesto, como su nombre indica, es el encargado de retener las impurezas que puedan acceder al circuito de admisión por el aire. Cuando el filtro de aire está sucio, el consumo de combustible aumentará y el motor reducirá su potencia, por lo que antes de que esto ocurra es importante sustituirlo por otro.

¿Cómo medir el estado de los filtros de aire?

    • Abre el capó del coche mejor en frío para evitar quemaduras.
    • Localiza el filtro de aire: en los coches nuevos normalmente está cerca del radiador o del guardabarros. El filtro puede ser rectangular, cilíndrico o cónico.
    • Extráelo. Suele estar dentro de una caja negra de plástico así que es probable que necesites un destornillador para abrir la caja y poder sacar el filtro.

Para comprobar si el estado es el correcto:

      • Filtros rectangulares: sostenlo hacia arriba y dóblalo hacia atrás, de tal modo que pueda ver el interior de los pliegues como si fuera un libro.
      • Filtros cilíndrico o cónico: suelen tener un plegado mucho más pequeño, puedes comprobarlo de la misma forma, pero ten cuidado de no doblar nada irremediablemente porque son algo más delicados.

Una vez realices todas las revisiones pertinentes, podrás salir de viajes y preocuparte solo por disfrutar.

Si además sigues estos consejos y revisas tu coche antes de los viajes, entonces eres una persona previsora. Adelántate y échale un vistazo a nuestro cotizador, te llevarás una grata sorpresa.

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